Hit by a Car as a Pedestrian in CO

One second you're crossing the street. The next, you're on the ground—confused, in pain, staring at a bumper that just hit you at 30 miles an hour. There was no seatbelt. No airbag. No crumple zone between you and two tons of steel. Pedestrians bear the full force of impact that vehicles are engineered to protect their occupants from. The injuries are often catastrophic: broken bones, spinal damage, traumatic brain injury, or worse. Colorado law recognizes these devastating circumstances. Under C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n), injured pedestrians have three years from the date of injury to file a claim. Additionally, Colorado's modified comparative negligence rule under C.R.S. § 13-21-111 allows recovery even if a pedestrian is partially at fault, provided they are not 50% or more responsible. Non-economic damages—compensation for pain, suffering, and lost quality of life—are capped at $1,500,000 in most injury cases for claims that accrue on or after January 1, 2025 (C.R.S. § 13-21-102.5). Understanding these legal protections is essential for pedestrian accident victims seeking appropriate compensation.

The risk is not abstract. According to CDOT's preliminary 2025 traffic fatality data (January 2026), 126 pedestrians died on Colorado roads in 2025, up 5% from 2024, out of 701 total traffic deaths. Our Colorado traffic fatality statistics analysis breaks down the rest of that data.

Pedestrian claims still begin with proving driver negligence, and our Denver car accident attorneys can evaluate crash evidence, insurance coverage, medical proof, and settlement timing together.

Pedestrian accidents produce some of the most catastrophic injuries in personal injury law. Victims often suffer severe trauma, permanent disability, and substantial medical expenses. Because the stakes are high, early settlement offers are often made before the full extent of the injuries is known. Colorado law provides important protections. Under the Modified Comparative Negligence Rule, pedestrians can recover damages even if partially at fault, as long as they're less than 50% responsible for the accident. Acting quickly strengthens evidence preservation and settlement negotiations.

Colorado Pedestrian Right-of-Way Laws

Colorado law is unambiguous about pedestrian rights:

In a Crosswalk

Under C.R.S. § 42-4-802, when traffic signals are not in place or not operating, a driver must yield to a pedestrian crossing within a crosswalk—slowing down or stopping if needed—when the pedestrian is on the driver's half of the road or approaching so closely from the other half as to be in danger. Where a steady "Walk" signal is lit, pedestrians crossing with it are given the right-of-way. Crosswalks include unmarked crosswalks at intersections, not just painted ones. The same statute also says a pedestrian may not suddenly leave the curb and walk or run into the path of a vehicle so close that it is an immediate hazard. When a driver fails to yield and injures a pedestrian, Colorado's modified comparative negligence rule applies. A pedestrian can recover damages even if partially at fault, provided their negligence is less than 50 percent. This means a pedestrian who is 49 percent responsible can still pursue a claim. Understanding these legal protections and timelines is essential for protecting pedestrian rights.

Outside a Crosswalk

Pedestrians crossing outside a crosswalk must yield to vehicles under Colorado law (C.R.S. §42-4-803). However—and this is critical—C.R.S. § 42-4-807 still requires every driver to "exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian upon any roadway," and to take proper precaution around children and obviously confused or incapacitated people, regardless of crossing location. A driver who sees a pedestrian in the roadway and fails to slow down, swerve, or attempt evasive action may be found negligent. This means a pedestrian jaywalking may still hold a negligent driver liable. Successful claims can include non-economic damages. Importantly, injured parties have three years from the date of a motor vehicle accident to file a lawsuit. The interplay between pedestrian duty and driver responsibility creates a nuanced legal landscape where both parties bear accountability.

Jaywalking often becomes the focus of a pedestrian claim. Crossing outside a crosswalk may contribute to comparative fault, but it doesn't eliminate the driver's independent duty to avoid hitting people. Colorado law recognizes this principle through its modified comparative negligence standard. A driver's failure to maintain a safe speed, stay alert, or take evasive action remains actionable—regardless of where the pedestrian was crossing. What matters is whether the driver exercised reasonable care to avoid the collision. Jaywalking may reduce a recovery proportionally, yet it never strips away the motorist's basic duty to prevent harm.

Why Pedestrian Injuries Are So Severe

The math is simple. A 4,000-pound vehicle versus a 170-pound person with no protection, and the risk of serious injury rises quickly with speed. That is why pedestrian accidents so often result in catastrophic injuries. Colorado recognizes the severity of these injuries through its legal framework. Under C.R.S. § 13-21-111, Colorado applies modified comparative negligence, meaning an injured pedestrian can still recover damages even if partially at fault, provided they are less than 50% responsible. However, time is critical.

Common pedestrian accident injuries include:

• Traumatic brain injury—from the initial impact or from hitting the ground (see how TBI claims are valued in Colorado)
• Broken legs and pelvis—the bumper strikes at leg height, and the pelvis absorbs enormous force
• Spinal cord injuries—the secondary impact when you hit the windshield or pavement
• Internal organ damage—ruptured spleen, liver lacerations, internal bleeding
• Knee and hip injuries—torn ligaments, shattered joints, hip fractures
• Facial fractures and dental injuries
• Psychological trauma—PTSD, fear of crossing streets, anxiety, depression

Because pedestrian injuries often involve severe trauma, high medical costs, and long recovery periods, these claims are often larger than those from typical vehicle-to-vehicle collisions. Pedestrians lack the protective barriers that vehicle occupants enjoy, making them vulnerable to catastrophic injuries including spinal cord damage, traumatic brain injury, and multiple fractures. These injuries generate extensive medical bills, rehabilitation expenses, and long-term care costs that insurance companies must address in settlements. Additionally, injured pedestrians have three years from the date of injury to file a claim under Colorado's statute of limitations.

Comparative Fault in Pedestrian Cases

Fault allocation is often the central issue in pedestrian cases. If a pedestrian is found 50% or more responsible, recovery is barred entirely, and any lower percentage reduces the recovery. Common arguments about a pedestrian's fault include:

• “You were jaywalking”
• “You were wearing dark clothing at night”
• “You were looking at your phone”
• “You stepped into traffic without looking”
• “You were intoxicated”

Remember: under Colorado's modified comparative negligence rule, pedestrians can still recover damages as long as their fault remains below 50%. A pedestrian who was jaywalking but was struck by a speeding, distracted driver might be found 20% at fault—meaning they recover 80% of their damages. That's still a substantial recovery on a serious injury case. This comparative fault approach recognizes that accidents often involve multiple contributing factors. Importantly, injured pedestrians have a three-year statute of limitations to file their claim. Acting promptly ensures evidence preservation and protects legal rights during this critical window.

The critical point: the driver's fault doesn't disappear just because a pedestrian made a mistake too. Colorado law recognizes that both parties' negligence can contribute to an accident, and both are evaluated fairly under the state's modified comparative negligence system. This means a driver remains liable for their portion of responsibility, regardless of the pedestrian's actions. However, any awarded damages are reduced proportionally to reflect comparative fault percentages. Colorado generally allows three years to file a motor-vehicle injury claim (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)). Understanding comparative fault is essential for pedestrians seeking fair compensation.

What to Do Immediately After Being Hit

1. Don’t move if you suspect spinal injury. Wait for paramedics. Your instinct will be to get up and assess—resist it if you feel any back or neck pain.
2. Call 911. Even if you feel “okay.” Adrenaline masks serious injuries. A police report is essential evidence.
3. Get the driver’s information. Name, license, insurance, plate number. If there are witnesses, get their contact info too.
4. Document the scene. If you’re physically able, photograph the intersection, traffic signals, crosswalk markings (or lack thereof), the vehicle, your injuries, and any skid marks.
5. Go to the hospital. Insist on imaging (CT, MRI) for any head impact. Pedestrian TBI symptoms can be delayed by hours or days.
6. Be careful with statements to the driver’s insurance. They may call quickly, and a recorded statement given before you know the extent of your injuries can affect your claim.
7. Contact a pedestrian accident attorney. These cases involve complex fault allocation and high-value damages that require experienced handling.

Denver’s High-Risk Pedestrian Corridors

Pedestrian crashes in Denver often happen on busy arterials, such as:

• Colfax Avenue—heavy traffic and frequent pedestrian crossings
• Federal Boulevard—wide lanes, high speeds, and frequent pedestrian crossings
• Broadway—heavy traffic volume through pedestrian-dense neighborhoods
• Colorado Boulevard—busy, high-speed arterial

Our Denver pedestrian accident lawyer page covers city-specific issues in more detail. If a pedestrian was hit on one of Denver's high-risk corridors, the condition of the road may be a contributing factor, and in limited circumstances a public entity may share liability. Under Colorado's modified comparative negligence standard, a plaintiff can recover damages even if partially at fault, provided their share of fault is less than 50 percent. Claims against a municipality carry a much shorter deadline than a claim against a driver. Under the Colorado Governmental Immunity Act you must give the public entity written notice within 182 days of the injury (C.R.S. 24-10-109), and missing that notice can bar the claim entirely, which is why prompt legal consultation matters after a pedestrian accident on these corridors.

If You Hit a Pedestrian With Your Car

Some people find this page from the other side of the crash. If you were driving and hit a pedestrian in Colorado, the law sets out what you must do at the scene:

• Stop and stay. A driver involved in a crash that injures or kills someone must immediately stop at or as close to the scene as possible (or return to it) and remain there until the information and aid duties are met (C.R.S. § 42-4-1601(1)).
• Give your information and help. You must give your name, address, and vehicle registration number, show your driver's license on request, and, where practical, give the injured person reasonable assistance, including arranging transport for medical treatment when it is apparent that treatment is needed or the person asks (C.R.S. § 42-4-1603(1)).
• Report it. The driver must give immediate notice of the crash to the nearest police authority and, if directed, return to and remain at the scene until officers finish their investigation (C.R.S. § 42-4-1606(1)).

Leaving the scene is a crime in Colorado. Under C.R.S. § 42-4-1601(2), it is a class 1 misdemeanor traffic offense if the crash caused injury, a class 4 felony if it caused serious bodily injury, and a class 3 felony if it caused a death, and a conviction leads to license revocation. On the civil side, the questions are the same ones described above: whether the driver used due care, whether the pedestrian had the right-of-way, and how fault is shared. A driver's own liability coverage is generally what responds to the pedestrian's claim, so notify your insurer promptly. Because a pedestrian crash can carry both criminal exposure and a civil claim, a driver should consider talking with a lawyer before giving detailed statements.

What Compensation Can a Pedestrian Recover?

A pedestrian claim is meant to account for the whole of what the injury has cost you, not only the bills that have arrived so far. It generally falls into two groups:

• Economic losses: emergency and hospital care, surgery, therapy, prescriptions, future treatment, in-home help, lost wages, and reduced ability to earn going forward. If there is a bill, pay stub, or receipt behind it, keep it.
• Non-economic losses: pain, emotional distress, scarring, and the parts of daily life the injury has taken from you. For claims that accrue on or after January 1, 2025, Colorado caps these at $1,500,000 in most injury cases (C.R.S. § 13-21-102.5).

Future costs matter most in serious cases, because a signed settlement is final. Many people also don't realize their own auto policy can help even though they were on foot. MedPay can pay early medical bills regardless of fault, and UM/UIM coverage can apply if the driver had no insurance or too little (see our uninsured motorist claims guide). Colorado insurers must offer both, and turning either down requires a written rejection, so it is worth checking your declarations page early.

What Your Pedestrian Accident Claim Is Worth

The ranges below are illustrative only, not Conduit Law results or a prediction for any case. Every claim depends on its own facts, injuries, and available insurance:

• Moderate injuries (broken bones, soft tissue): $50,000–$150,000
• Serious injuries (TBI, multiple fractures, surgery): $150,000–$500,000
• Catastrophic injuries (spinal cord, permanent disability): $500,000–$2M+
• Wrongful death: $1M–$5M+

The driver's auto liability insurance is the primary source of recovery in pedestrian accident claims. If their policy limits are inadequate for the injuries sustained, the injured pedestrian's own underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage can provide additional compensation—even though they weren't occupying a vehicle at the time of the accident. Under Colorado's modified comparative negligence rule, a pedestrian can still recover damages as long as their fault is less than 50 percent. It's important to note that Colorado imposes a three-year statute of limitations for filing a motor vehicle accident claim, so timely action is essential. Understanding these coverage options and legal limits helps ensure pedestrians receive fair compensation for their injuries and losses.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I still recover if I was jaywalking?

Yes, in most cases. Jaywalking may reduce recovery under comparative fault principles, but the driver still had a legal duty to exercise due care and avoid hitting a pedestrian. A pedestrian who is 30% at fault for jaywalking, for example, can still recover 70% of their damages from a negligent driver. This means that even contributory actions do not bar recovery entirely. The statutory cap on non-economic damages may affect the total award. Additionally, claims must be filed within Colorado's three-year statute of limitations. Each case depends on specific facts and evidence regarding both the pedestrian's and driver's conduct at the time of the incident.

What if the driver didn’t stop (hit and run)?

Report the hit-and-run to police immediately, as this creates an official record critical for any claim. Colorado's uninsured motorist coverage can cover medical expenses and damages resulting from a hit-and-run accident, making it an essential protection. Evidence collection is vital—surveillance cameras from nearby businesses, witness cell phone footage, and traffic cameras may help identify the driver. If the at-fault driver is eventually identified, Colorado's modified comparative negligence rule allows recovery as long as the injured party is not 50% or more at fault. Prompt police reporting and thorough documentation significantly strengthen the ability to recover compensation for injuries sustained in a hit-and-run incident.

Does my health insurance or auto insurance cover pedestrian injuries?

Health insurance generally covers medical treatment regardless of how the injury occurred, making it a reliable first line of protection for pedestrian accidents. Uninsured and underinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage on an auto policy can apply even when injured as a pedestrian—a crucial protection many Colorado residents overlook. MedPay coverage on auto policies may also cover immediate medical expenses without requiring fault determination. Under Colorado's modified comparative negligence rule, an injured pedestrian can recover damages even if partially at fault, provided their negligence is less than 50 percent. Colorado's three-year statute of limitations for motor-vehicle injury claims makes timely action important. Understanding these coverage options and legal frameworks helps injured pedestrians navigate their claims effectively and maximize available compensation.

What happens if a driver hits a pedestrian in Colorado?

The driver must stop, stay at the scene, exchange information, give reasonable help to the injured person, and report the crash to police (C.R.S. §§ 42-4-1601, 42-4-1603, 42-4-1606). Police may cite the driver for failing to yield (C.R.S. § 42-4-802) or failing to exercise due care (C.R.S. § 42-4-807). Separately, the injured pedestrian can bring a civil claim against the driver, usually paid through the driver's auto liability insurance. A traffic ticket and the civil claim are different proceedings, and a driver can be found negligent in a civil case even without a citation.

How long do I have to file a pedestrian accident claim?

Most pedestrian injury claims against a driver must be filed within three years of the crash under C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n); our Colorado statute of limitations guide explains the exceptions. For wrongful death claims, the deadline is generally two years, with limited exceptions. If a government entity is involved—such as a city, county, or state agency—a notice of claim must typically be filed within 182 days, which is a much shorter timeframe than the standard statute of limitations. Understanding these deadlines and legal requirements is critical, as missing the filing deadline can result in permanent loss of the right to pursue compensation. Consulting with an experienced personal injury attorney early ensures compliance with all applicable requirements.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult with an attorney for advice regarding your specific situation.

You had the right to be on that road. The driver had the duty not to hit you. When they failed, they owe compensation for injuries sustained. Under Colorado law, there is a three-year statute of limitations to file a pedestrian accident claim—meaning the clock starts ticking from the date of injury. Missing this deadline can bar recovery entirely, making prompt action essential. Damages in pedestrian cases include medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and non-economic damages. Each case is unique. Experienced legal representation protects pedestrian rights and navigates complex injury claims effectively.